The Effect of Sugary Beverage Consumption on Diabetes Prevalence in Borno State
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Background of the Study
The global rise in type 2 diabetes has been closely linked to changing dietary patterns, including the increasing consumption of sugary beverages. These drinks, which include carbonated soft drinks, energy drinks, and fruit juices with added sugars, have become a staple in many Nigerian households, particularly among younger populations and urban dwellers (Adeyemi & Musa, 2023). In Borno State, where economic challenges and limited public health awareness programs coexist with a growing urban population, the consumption of sugary beverages has seen a significant increase. This dietary shift, coupled with reduced physical activity and rising obesity rates, contributes to the escalating burden of diabetes in the region (Okonkwo et al., 2024). Sugary beverages are known to cause rapid spikes in blood glucose levels, promote insulin resistance, and lead to weight gain, all of which are risk factors for type 2 diabetes. Although national and global public health campaigns have highlighted the dangers of excessive sugar consumption, localized data on how this trend impacts diabetes prevalence in Borno State remains limited. This study seeks to bridge that gap by critically evaluating the association between sugary beverage consumption and diabetes prevalence among adults in Borno State, providing evidence to inform public health policies and community-based interventions.
Statement of the Problem
Despite the clear link between sugary beverage intake and type 2 diabetes, public health initiatives in Borno State have yet to adequately address this risk factor. The prevalence of diabetes continues to rise, placing significant pressure on the healthcare system, and many individuals remain unaware of the health implications of their dietary choices. Without targeted interventions, the consumption of sugary beverages may further drive up diabetes rates, leading to increased morbidity, healthcare costs, and economic losses. This study aims to investigate the extent of sugary beverage consumption in Borno State and its contribution to the diabetes epidemic, with the goal of recommending effective health promotion strategies.
Objectives of the Study
- To determine the prevalence of sugary beverage consumption among adults in Borno State.
- To assess the association between sugary beverage consumption and diabetes prevalence in the region.
- To evaluate public awareness and perceptions of the health risks associated with sugary beverages.
Research Questions
- What is the prevalence of sugary beverage consumption among adults in Borno State?
- Is there a significant association between sugary beverage intake and diabetes prevalence in Borno State?
- How aware are residents of Borno State of the health risks associated with sugary beverage consumption?
Research Hypotheses
- Sugary beverage consumption is significantly associated with an increased prevalence of diabetes in Borno State.
- Public awareness of the health risks of sugary beverage consumption is low among adults in Borno State.
- Reducing sugary beverage consumption through health education will lower diabetes prevalence in the region.
Scope and Limitations of the Study
This study will focus on adults aged 18 and above in Borno State, examining their dietary habits, health status, and awareness of the risks associated with sugary beverages. Limitations may include reliance on self-reported dietary data, which could introduce recall bias, and challenges in capturing data from rural or conflict-affected areas.
Definitions of Terms
- Sugary Beverages: Drinks containing added sugars, including soft drinks, sweetened teas, energy drinks, and fruit juices.
- Diabetes Prevalence: The proportion of individuals in a given population who have been diagnosed with diabetes at a specific point in time.
- Insulin Resistance: A condition in which the body's cells do not respond properly to insulin, leading to elevated blood sugar levels and an increased risk of type 2 diabetes.
- Health Promotion: Strategies designed to educate and empower individuals to make healthier lifestyle choices.
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